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Aquinas and Suarez on Free Will
STRAKOVÁ, Kristýna
he diploma thesis deals with free will, mainly from a historical point of view, specifically from the point of view of Aquinas and Suárez. They are contrasted with Hobbes, who takes a completely different position. In this diploma thesis, it is mainly a comparison of the concepts of free will of Aquinas and Suárez. In the first chapter, free will is discussed in general, in the following chapter, various directions that deal with free will are listed. Other chapters are devoted to Aquinas, Suárez and Hobbes. In the last chapter, the opinions of these authors are compared.
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Is free will just an illusion?
KOHOUTOVÁ, Lucie
The question of free will is one of the oldest and most complex questions that one deals with. It is not only theoretical, because the consequences of our actions will affect not only our lives, but also the lives of other people. In my bachelor thesis I will rely on the definitions of free will and try to define the basic theories that work with it. What are the basic attitudes to free will and what are the arguments for its existence or non-existence? The main question will be whether we possess free will, whether we are able to make free choices, or whether the act of free will is predestined to us and our free will is then a mere illusion. I will try to present the arguments of some philosophers and show their view of free will and the related moral responsibility.
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Legal and philosophical aspects of free will
Kutílek, Lukáš ; Maršálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
This thesis seeks an answer to a question of whether social normative systems, particularly law and morality, are consistent with the most recent scientific and philosophical findings. Those in fact often conclude that the human will is not free and that the human decision- making is only a physiological process governed by the laws of physics. Such findings thus, at a first glance, collide mainly with the concept of responsibility, through which law and morality are implemented. Therefore, the paper begins with a brief introduction of the current state of knowledge concerning free will and presents mainly determinism and indeterminism. The conclusion of the first part called Free Will and Determinism introduces a view of the world, which best suits the current state of knowledge and is further referred to as Physicalism. The second part called Law, Morality, Physicalism, briefly presents law and morality as regulators of human behavior, for which the concept of free will is fundamental. The focus of the thesis then shifts towards the institutions of criminal and civil law, that seem to be threatened by Physicalism the most. However, general consistency of Physicalism and the examined normative concepts is concluded, while it is argued that within the physicalistic view of the world, law and morality...
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The Role of Empathy in Ethical Behaviour
Novák, Lukáš ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
More than two hundred years ago David Hume together with his fellow philosopher Adam Smith posited, that ethical behaviour arises from so called: "moral sense". In the other words, they share the same idea, that passions are principle evoking and guiding human behaviour. Hume claim: "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions" (…). It is possible that this statement - among others - woke up from the 'dogmatic dream' one of the greatest philosophers of all time - Immanuel Kant, who propose, - contrary to Hume - that reason but not necessary passions can determinate human actions. In the question of what rule the passions in ethics have, it seems to be helpful to use the knowledge which follows from recent science. During this thesis we will use methods such as: comparison, analysis and synthesis. Main aim of this thesis will be to deal with the following question: what relationship can be observed between empathy, "moral sense" and ethical behaviour in perspective of recent science. This enquiry will therefore try to deal with the old question: what the the relationship between reason, passions and ethical behaviour is.
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A Comparison of Plotinus's and St. Augustine's Conception of Evil
Košová, Michaela ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Novák, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with Plotinus's and Augustine's conception of evil and its main aim is to compare both views and reveal which Plotinus's thoughts inspired Augustine and at which points he had to divert from Plotinus. The key question is in what way both philosophers attempt to answer the question about ontological status and origin of evil. While examining the differences between both conceptions it will be importatnt to explain them with regard to different metaphysical concepts which constitute Plotinus's and Augustine's thinking. First part of the thesis investigates in what sense in Plotinus's theory matter - the last point of emanation of reality from the One - is the principle of evil. Later we encounter tolma, certain illegitimate audacity to become independent from the higher levels which is present in the soul and also at the very emergence of reality as such from the One. However, since soul has a divine origin, it cannot really sin. Plotinus ascribes the ultimate responsibility for evil to matter, utter privation and form of non-being, which can act as a sort of trap for the soul. In the second part we will see that thanks to neoplatonic thinking Augustine too perceives evil as privation but he ascribes its origin to a free decision of created, and thus mutable rational...
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Folk Dualism and the Two Conceptual Realms
Jirout Košová, Michaela ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Koreň, Ladislav (referee) ; Sytsma, Justin (referee)
The thesis focuses on the irreducibility of the concept of a person to scientific view of the world. The main inspiration for thematising this specific aspect of folk dualism comes from Donald Davidson (two realms) and Wilfrid Sellars (two images). The theoretical sections are complemented by reflexion on results of empirical studies provided mostly by experimental philosophy in order to demonstrate how this approach benefits attempts to reach complex view of philosophical questions that have close connection to moral dimension of human life. The first chapter addresses a wider concept of self and introduces the idea of the necessity to bring the two conceptual realms on the scene: there is a specific conceptual realm (irreducible to physical realm or scientific image) enabling proper grasp of the concept of a person. The subsequent chapters address particular sub-concepts of the concept of self. The second chapter focuses on the concept of free will, and by referring to different views it points to the necessity to bring folk concepts into consideration. It concludes that the folk concept of free agent is transcendent with regard to scientific accounts and bears certain "supernatural" characteristics connected to the concept of conscious will. The third (and central) chapter brings focus on the...
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Belief in Free Will and College Students
Noskovič, Marek ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Is free will simply an illusion? Or is it justifiable that we have built on free will our whole human society, including the legal system? For several centuries, there has been a debate in philosophical and theological circles about whether there is a free will or, on the contrary, our life is determined from the very beginning. I would like to contribute to better understanding of free will through my Bachelor Thesis, especially from the point of view of the latest knowledge in psychology. Including history, various philosophical and theological conceptions of this phenomenon, I will deal with an influence of faith in free will on our psyche and happiness in life. With a questionnaire of Free Will and eterminism (FAD Plus), I will examine how faith in free will or determinism affects school success of college students. Keywords Free will, determinism, fatalism, unpredictibility, psychology, college students, belief, grades
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The Role of Empathy in Ethical Behaviour
Novák, Lukáš ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
More than two hundred years ago David Hume together with his fellow philosopher Adam Smith posited, that ethical behaviour arises from so called: "moral sense". In the other words, they share the same idea, that passions are principle evoking and guiding human behaviour. Hume claim: "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions" (…). It is possible that this statement - among others - woke up from the 'dogmatic dream' one of the greatest philosophers of all time - Immanuel Kant, who propose, - contrary to Hume - that reason but not necessary passions can determinate human actions. In the question of what rule the passions in ethics have, it seems to be helpful to use the knowledge which follows from recent science. During this thesis we will use methods such as: comparison, analysis and synthesis. Main aim of this thesis will be to deal with the following question: what relationship can be observed between empathy, "moral sense" and ethical behaviour in perspective of recent science. This enquiry will therefore try to deal with the old question: what the the relationship between reason, passions and ethical behaviour is.
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Methods and means of education in leisure time and leisure
BLOUDKOVÁ, Jana
This thesis examines the possibilities of linking the interest in a child (a participant in interest education in the field of education of leisure) with the interest in achieving the goals of various leisure education activities, as well as the goals being (co)determined by the child itself. The thesis strives to find the solution in a method in which an activity goal of the child is transformed into a goal of the tutor with the intention of encouraging the child's personal development. The thesis is divided into four chapters.The first chapter deals with educational goals and the goals of leisure education.The following chapter explores the goals of education as set by various pedagogical conceptions and alternative approaches to the isme. The third chapter acquaints the reader with the psychological potential of the target group.The last chapter is dedicated to the growth of child's potential, its ability of free choice and decision making, expressions of creativity, and the "flow" state.
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Privation concept of evil from Plotinus to Thomas Aquinas
TOMANDL, Antonín
The questions about the origin of evil in the world were often a secondary product of the great philosophical systems. One of the first thinkers to deal with that problem systematically was neoplatonic scholar Plotinus. He developed a theory which he considered to be only a continuation of Plato´s thinking. It became an original theory, which in its core, has influence to this day. This theory was, mostly thanks to St. Augustine, applied to christian theology and became the living doctrine. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate in what Plotinus´ theory of evil was "christianized" through the hand of Augustin. In other words, how it trasformed from a pagan philosophy to a theological one and how it was preserved for rediscovery in the scholastic era and became a new-again topic of scholastic scholars.
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